[mou] Rare bird could face extinction, again (Long)

[Jim Ryan]

>From CNN.com:
Rare bird could face extinction, again
Monday, December 29, 2003 Posted: 10:58 AM EST

OLMOS, Peru (Reuters) -- A quarter of a century ago, Peru's white-winged 
guan -- a species native only to this Andean bird paradise -- was considered 
as dead as a dodo.

Discovered in 1877 by a Polish ornithologist, it was believed extinct for 
100 years until its rediscovery in 1977 by Gustavo del Solar, a 
hunter-turned-conservationist who founded a special breeding project to 
reintroduce it to the wild.

But now, the white-winged guan -- which came back to life like a phoenix but 
remains endangered with only an estimated 300 in the wild -- faces 
extinction again unless del Solar can raise fresh cash to keep his project 
in northern Peru going.

"I'll make a final, heartfelt effort but if I can't raise international or 
national aid in 2004, I'll send a letter to the conservation authorities 
saying they have six months to see how to finance the project because I 
can't continue," he told Reuters in his Lima apartment, the walls studded 
with antelope and buffalo trophies shot on hunting trips in Africa.

A farmer with tamarind plantations in northern Peru, del Solar long ago gave 
up his hunting hobby and has devoted the past quarter-century to conserving 
the bird he helped revive.

On part of his land, some 500 miles north of Lima in Peru's hot coastal 
desert strip, the breeding sanctuary is now home to 90 white-winged guan.

There, in peaceful surroundings, the long-tailed black birds, with their 
distinctive white feathered wings and red throats, live in individual pens 
in six circular aviaries.

Often nervous -- they can die of stress and are kept separate because they 
can fight -- the guan have successfully reproduced in captivity since the 
center was opened in 1978.

But the aim was always to reintroduce the guan back into the wild to ensure 
the survival of the species.

Peru has the second-highest number of bird species in the world behind 
Colombia, and the guan, or penelope albipennis as it is known in Latin, has 
been officially classified as endangered since 1990.

Half the battle
In 2000, 16 adult guan -- wearing radio transmitter "backpacks" to allow 
their progress to be checked -- were released, the center's manager Fernando 
Angulo told Reuters.

The moment they had all been waiting for came the following year when the 
first chick was born in the wild to reintroduced parents. To date, three 
guan chicks have been born in the wild and another six birds have been 
released, but Angulo said around half the reintroduced guan have died.

But setting the birds free is only half the battle.

"What we're thinking of is how to ensure that an animal at risk doesn't 
become extinct. Because if you go to the places where the guan lives, people 
don't understand conservation," Angulo said. "You have to make conservation 
pay."

The guan live in the so-called dry forest, an ecosystem in northern Peru in 
which the trees are dry and leafless except during summer rains. There they 
are at risk from locals who hunt them for food and who raid the forest for 
timber.

Angulo said he was seeking to involve local communities in the conservation 
effort -- perhaps by acting as guides or providing services to rich American 
and European tourists. A visitors' fee could also be levied to ensure that 
cash from vacationing bird watchers made its way to residents.

Protecting the forests for the guan in that way would also have an "umbrella 
effect" and safeguard other species, he said, adding some 40 bird species 
are native to the dry forest.

"It's the only way to prevent the (white-winged guan) from dying out," 
Angulo said.

Del Solar's center is currently funded by a charitable foundation owned by 
brewer Backus & Johnston, a unit of Colombia's Bavaria , at a cost of about 
$55,000 a year. But Del Solar said he did not expect the brewer to fund it 
forever because it supports a range of other activities.

He said it really needed another $50,000 to be able to reintroduce the birds 
into the wild en masse -- a vital next step to consolidate the conservation 
efforts.

While he acknowledged that the white-winged guan was no beautiful bird of 
paradise, he said its loss -- particularly after what he called its 
"phoenix-like" resurrection and such strenuous efforts to re-establish it -- 
would be a severe blow for conservationists.

Del Solar has championed efforts to have the white-winged guan named Peru's 
national bird, but efforts have so far come to nothing.

With plaques and public congratulations, Peru has thanked Del Solar for his 
efforts to save the guan.

"That can satisfy my ego. But I'd 100 times rather change all that for 
financial assistance," he said.



'If all the animals were gone, we would die from loneliness of spirit, for 
whatever happens to the animals soon happens to us. We are part of the 
earth, and it is a part of us. This we know: all things are connected like 
the blood which unites one family. Man did not weave the web of life; he is 
merely a strand in it. Whatever he does to the web, he does to himself.'  
Chief Seattle, 1854

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