Seasonal Report Archive for The Loon
The 1978-Spring Season
1 March through 31 May 1978
Terry L. Savaloja

A total of 304 species were recorded by 102 observers. The Duluth area, as usual leads in numbers of rare species. The most interesting was the state's first adult Laughing Gull. We would appreciate your comments on the new format being used for the Seasonal Reports.

March started very cold but warmed up by the end of the month, with flooding starting in the Red River Valley. A major blizzard on the 2nd ushered in April and snow continued off and on throughout the rest of the month. Temperatures reached the 80's by the last week of April. Warm weather on May lOth and 11th brought the first good wave of birds.

A cold front on the 20th created a lot of fog and rain in Duluth from the 25th through the end of the month, which apparently grounded good numbers of migrants.

A total of 304 species was recorded by 102 observers.

The format of this report has been changed as was the Fall report, this is an effort to cut down on the size of and time needed to compile these reports. We would be interested in getting some feedback on these changes. I have listed only those birds which were reported on record early or late dates, were outside their normal range or are of special interest.

In the rare bird department Duluth and the NE as usual came in with the best showing. Besides an Ibis which unfortunately was identified only as an Ibis sp? the NE had a Gyrfalcon, Iceland Gull, several Thayer's Gulls, a Little Gull, the state's first adult Laughing Gull, several Arctic Terns, a few Great Gray and Boreal Owls remaining from the winter invasion, an unheard of number of calling Boreal G>wls, a Townsend's Solitaire, a West ern Tanager and a Gray-crowned Rosy Finch at Hoyt Lakes. In the SE there was a Little Blue Heron, White-faced Ibis, Bewick's Wren and Kentucky Warblers. The SW had several Snowy Egrets, a Cinnamon Teal, a Ferruginous Hawk, and both a Western and Summer Tanager. The NW made a very good showing with a SnowyEgret, several Barrow's Goldeneyes, a Prairie Falcon and no less than three California Gulls and two Yellow-breasted Chats.

Key to the Seasonal Report
1.Upper case (LEAST TERN) indicates a Casual or Accidental species in the state.
2.Species are listed in brackets [Whooping Crane] when there is a reasonable doubt as to its origin or wildness.
3.Bracketed text following a species’ name indicates the total number of north and south counties.
4.Dates listed in bold (10/9) indicate an occurrence either earlier, later, or within the three earliest or latest dates on file.
5.Counties listed in bold (Aitkin) indicate an unusual occurrence for that county.
6.Counties listed in bold and with an underline (Becker) indicate a first county record.
7.Counties listed in italics (Crow Wing) indicate a first county breeding record.
8.Counts listed in bold (150) indicate a total within or exceeding the top three high counts for that species.
9.Dagger “†” preceding observer’s initials denotes documentation was submitted.
10.“ph.” denotes a species documented with a photograph.
11.“v.t.” denotes a species documented by video tape.
The Seasonal Report  is a compilation of seasonal bird sightings from throughout Minnesota. We particularly invite reports from parts of the state that have been neglected or covered lightly in past reports. To become a contributor, contact the Editor of The Loon (editor AT moumn.org).

Species

Information

Whistling-Ducks, Geese, Swans, Ducks
Greater White-fronted Goose
(Anser albifrons)
4-1 Lac qui Parle (38) CMB and Brown (5) RBJ; 4-29 to 5-20 Hennepin OJ captive?
Tundra Swan
(Cygnus columbianus)
Early south 3-5 Olmsted BE, wintering?
Wood Duck
(Aix sponsa)
Early north 3-26, 3-30 Otter Tail SM, GO; 4-1 Morrison PM and Crow Wing DK; peak 4-12 Tamarac NWR, Becker (2500).
Blue-winged Teal
(Spatula discors)
Peak 5-3 Marshall (7930) SV.
Cinnamon Teal
(Spatula cyanoptera)
4-29 Watonwan D. Olson, N. Fladen.
Northern Shoveler
(Spatula clypeata)
Peak 5-3 Marshall (930) SV.
Gadwall
(Mareca strepera)
Early north 3-18 Otter Tail SM, peak 5-15 Marshall (3220) SV.
American Wigeon
(Mareca americana)
Early south 3-5 Winona BE; early north 3-26 Otter Tail SM; peak 4-26 Marshall (866) SV.
Northern Pintail
(Anas acuta)
Peak 4-21 Marshall (610) SV.
Green-winged Teal
(Anas crecca)
Early north 4-8 Otter Tail GO; peak 4-26 Marshall (720) SV.
Canvasback
(Aythya valisineria)
Early south 3-7 Olmsted JSD, VH; peak 4-26 Marshall (1190) SV.
Redhead
(Aythya americana)
Early north 4-8 Otter Tail GO, SM and GW; peak 5-12 Marshall (1320) SV.
Ring-necked Duck
(Aythya collaris)
Peak 4-26 Marshall (2770) SV.
Lesser Scaup
(Aythya affinis)
Peak 4-26 Marshall (12,064) SV.
Surf Scoter
(Melanitta perspicillata)
5-13 to 5-28 St. Louis.
White-winged Scoter
(Melanitta deglandi)
4-27 to 5-28 Lake Superior.
Black Scoter
(Melanitta americana)
5-13 to 5-20 St. Louis.
Long-tailed Duck
(Clangula hyemalis)
4-25 Hennepin DB; 5-7 Cook KE; 5-20 St. Louis BE, RBJ.
Bufflehead
(Bucephala albeola)
Peak 4-26 Marshall (1680) SV.
Common Goldeneye
(Bucephala clangula)
Peak 4-21 Marshall (1290) SV.
Barrow's Goldeneye
(Bucephala islandica)
4-14 Otter Tail (2) GO.
Hooded Merganser
(Lophodytes cucullatus)
Early north 3-24 Crow Wing DK.
Red-breasted Merganser
(Mergus serrator)
Late south 5-27 Winona VH.
Ruddy Duck
(Oxyura jamaicensis)
Early north 3-26, 4-8 Otter Tail SM, GO; peak Marshall (960) SV.
New World Quail
Northern Bobwhite
(Colinus virginianus)
Reported from Houston. Winter 1978
Partridge, Pheasants, Grouse, Turkeys
Wild Turkey
(Meleagris gallopavo)
Reported from Winona and Houston counties.
Spruce Grouse
(Canachites canadensis)
4-27 Lake TH, JS; 5-7 Cook Glenn Maxham; 5-17 Hubbard (2) GO.
Sharp-tailed Grouse
(Tympanuchus phasianellus)
Reported from Polk, Roseau, Marshall, Koochiching and Aitkin.
Greater Prairie-Chicken
(Tympanuchus cupido)
Reported from Polk, Wilkin, Otter Tail, Cass (5-28 BSH); Wadena (4-15, 8 new booming grounds, DNR).
Gray Partridge
(Perdix perdix)
3-8, 4-1 Morrison PM, DF; good numbers elsewhere.
Grebes
Eared Grebe
(Podiceps nigricollis)
4-25 Hennepin DB, outside normal range.
Western Grebe
(Aechmophorus occidentalis)
Early north 4-22, 4-26 Otter Tail GO, SM; outside normal range 5-3 Anoka KL.
Pigeons, Doves
Mourning Dove
(Zenaida macroura)
Early north 3-21 Otter Tail SM.
Cuckoos
Yellow-billed Cuckoo
(Coccyzus americanus)
5-27 St. Louis FL.
Black-billed Cuckoo
(Coccyzus erythropthalmus)
Early north 5-12, 18 Otter Tail, SM, GO.
Nightjars
Eastern Whip-poor-will
(Antrostomus vociferus)
Early south 4-9 Hennepin BE.
Swifts
Chimney Swift
(Chaetura pelagica)
Early south 4-8 LeSueur HC; 4-11 Hennepin RBJ.
Rails, Gallinules, Coots
Sora
(Porzana carolina)
Early north 4-16 Otter Tail SM; 4-27 Douglas GO.
Common Gallinule
(Gallinula galeata)
5-21, 5-31 Washington DW, RBJ.
American Coot
(Fulica americana)
Early north 3-26, 4-5, 4-6 Otter Tail SM, GO. GW; peak 5-3 Marshall (19,810) sv.
Yellow Rail
(Coturnicops noveboracensis)
5-11 (10), 5-13 Aitkin TS, JB; 5-20 Aitkin KE.
Stilts, Avocets
American Avocet
(Recurvirostra americana)
Reported from Lac qui Parle and Otter Tail.
Plovers
American Golden-Plover
(Pluvialis dominica)
Early north 4-23 Otter Tail SM; 4-29 Grant GO; peak 5-15 Dodge (2,0003,000) VH.
Semipalmated Plover
(Charadrius semipalmatus)
Early south 4-9 Olmsted JF.
Sandpipers
Whimbrel
(Numenius phaeopus)
5-19 Stearns (7) NH; 5-20 St. Louis (31-100) KE, HK, RBJ; 5-27 St. Louis SG.
Marbled Godwit
(Limosa fedoa)
Early north 4-7 Grant DW; 4-13 Wilkin SM; 4-15 Polk, Wilkin SDL, GO.
Ruddy Turnstone
(Arenaria interpres)
Early north 5-3 St. Louis KE. 
Stilt Sandpiper
(Calidris himantopus)
Early north 5-11 Otter Tail GO.
Least Sandpiper
(Calidris minutilla)
Early north 4-30 Otter Tail GO.
Semipalmated Sandpiper
(Calidris pusilla)
Early north 4-7 Otter Tail GO details?; 4-29 Cook KE; 5-7 Otter Tail SM.
WESTERN SANDPIPER
(Calidris mauri)
Early north 5-23 Otter Tail GO.
Short-billed Dowitcher
(Limnodromus griseus)
Early north 5-19 Otter Tail GO.
Long-billed Dowitcher
(Limnodromus scolopaceus)
Early north 4-29, 5-7 Otter Tail GO, SM.
American Woodcock
(Scolopax minor)
Early north 3-28 Marshall SV.
Spotted Sandpiper
(Actitis macularius)
Early south 3-22 Goodhue JD; 4-9 Olmsted JF and Washington DR.
Lesser Yellowlegs
(Tringa flavipes)
Early north 3-23 St. Louis (fide KE); 3-30 Otter Tail GO; 4-6 Crow Wing DK. Knot 5-20 to 5-27 St. Louis (2) KE, HK and SM. Pectora,! Sandpiper Early north 4-7 Grant DW.
Greater Yellowlegs
(Tringa melanoleuca)
Early north 4-7 Otter Tail SM and Wilkin DW.
Gulls, Terns
Bonaparte's Gull
(Chroicocephalus philadelphia)
Early south 3-31 Cottonwood RG.
Little Gull
(Hydrocoloeus minutus)
5-20 St. Louis (1 ad) KE, RBJ.
LAUGHING GULL
(Leucophaeus atricilla)
5-20 to 5-26 St. Louis (1 ad) KE, RBJ.
Ring-billed Gull
(Larus delawarensis)
Early north 3-26 Otter Tail SM.
CALIFORNIA GULL
(Larus californicus)
4-10 Clay (3) GO.
Iceland Gull
(Larus glaucoides)
5-2, 5-18 St. Louis GN, JCG, KE.
Glaucous Gull
(Larus hyperboreus)
3-4 Lake; 4-2 St. Louis KE, RBJ; 3-12 Dakota ES.
Caspian Tern
(Hydroprogne caspia)
Early south 4-22 Stearns DF; 4-24 Ramsey DR; Mower BJ.
Common Tern
(Sterna hirundo)
Early south 4-14 Dakota MW; 4-16 Hennepin ES.
ARCTIC TERN
(Sterna paradisaea)
5-20 St. Louis (1 ad) KE; 5-29 St. Louis (2 ad) RBJ.
Cormorants
Double-crested Cormorant
(Nannopterum auritum)
Early north 4-7, 4-8 Otter Tail SM, GO, GW and DW.
Pelicans
American White Pelican
(Pelecanus erythrorhynchos)
Early north 4-7 Grant DW; 4-13, 4-15 Otter Tail SM, GO.
Bitterns, Herons, Egrets, Night-Herons
Least Bittern
(Ixobrychus exilis)
Early north 5-15 Otter Tail GO and Marshall SV.
Great Blue Heron
(Ardea herodias)
Early north 3-26 Otter Tail GO; 3-30 Hubbard HF; 3-31 Marshall SV.
Great Egret
(Ardea alba)
Early north 4-7, 4-8 Otter Tail SM, GO, GW and DW.
Snowy Egret
(Egretta thula)
5-22, 23 Otter Tail (1) GO, L. Woolson; 5-29 Lac qui Parle (2) CMB.
Little Blue Heron
(Egretta caerulea)
4-15 Wabasha (1) Alice Searles, Helen Tucker. Winter 1978 195
Cattle Egret
(Bubulcus ibis)
Reported from 4-25 to 5-29 from Big Stone, Lac qui Parle, Cottonwood, Freeborn, Pope and Marshall.
Green Heron
(Butorides virescens)
Still expanding north and west.
Black-crowned Night-Heron
(Nycticorax nycticorax)
Early north 4-9 Otter Tail SM.
Yellow-crowned Night-Heron
(Nyctanassa violacea)
Reports out of SE; 5-17 Anoka KL; 5-19 Ramsey BC; 5-22 Morrison PM.
Ibises
White-faced Ibis
(Plegadis chihi)
5-5, 6 Rice (1) OR, RBJ. IBIS SP. 5-20 Cook M. Kilen, D. Zentner.
New World Vultures
Turkey Vulture
(Cathartes aura)
Early north 4-1 Cass HF.
Osprey
Osprey
(Pandion haliaetus)
Early south 3-28 Wabasha RL; early north 3-28 Becker Tamarac NWR; 4-10 Crow Wing DK.
Kites, Accipiters, Hawks, Eagles
Red-shouldered Hawk
(Buteo lineatus)
Still expanding west and north.
Broad-winged Hawk
(Buteo platypterus)
Early south 3-25 LeSueur HC; 3-27 Olmsted JF; 3-30 Martin EBK; 4-1 Anoka KL.
Swainson's Hawk
(Buteo swainsoni)
Early south 3-30 Olmsted JF.
FERRUGINOUS HAWK
(Buteo regalis)
4-15 Big Stone (2) HK; 5-14 Clay (1) GO. Golden Eag.le 6 reports: 3-7 Houston EF; 3-11 Swift RBJ, 3-24 Wabasha OJ, 4-14 Cottonwood LF, 4-19 Becker Tamarac NWR, 5-27 Mahnomen BE.
Screech-Owls, Owls
Northern Hawk Owl
(Surnia ulula)
3-4 St. Louis OJ, RBJ; 3-5 Beltrami SV; 3-12 Redwood HC; 3-14 St. Louis KE; 3-21 Cook, Helen Tucker; 3-25 Lake KE; 5-6 Lake VH.
BURROWING OWL
(Athene cunicularia)
5-20 Marshall, Gladwin Lynne.
Great Gray Owl
(Strix nebulosa)
3-5 Stevens NH; 5-28 Aitkin, Ray F. Boehmer, Ted J. Singletary. Also see LOON vol. 50, no. 2 for report on winter invasion.
Long-eared Owl
(Asio otus)
3-4 St. Louis SV; 3-25 Olmsted JF; 4-10 Crow Wing DK, Martin EBK; 4-15 Yellow Medicine HK; Polk (nest) SDL; 5-28 Cass (1 ad, 3 y) BSH.
Short-eared Owl
(Asio flammeus)
3-3 McLeod, Sibley BC; 3-5 Lyon HK; 3-5 Lac qui Parle; 4-23 Chippewa (4 eggs) CMB.
Boreal Owl
(Aegolius funereus)
4-22 to 5-7 Cook (15) KE, TS. Also see LOON vol. 50, no. 2 for report on winter invasion.
Northern Saw-whet Owl
(Aegolius acadicus)
3-11 St. Louis BC; 3-27 to 5-10 Marshall SV; 4-1 St. Louis TH, JS; 4-8 Crow Wing (2) JB; 4-14 Crow WingDK; 4-27 to 5-7 Cook (11) KE, TS.
Kingfishers
Belted Kingfisher
(Megaceryle alcyon)
Early north 3-11, 4-7 Otter Tail GO, SM; 4-2 Clay LCF.
Woodpeckers
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker
(Sphyrapicus varius)
Early south 3-19 Olmsted VH. Black-backed 3-toed Woodpecker 3-2, 5 St. Louis (2) KE; 3-6, 12 St. Louis TH, JS; 5-6 Lake (1) VH; 5-17 Hubbard GO.
Northern Flicker
(Colaptes auratus)
Early north 3-26 Otter Tail GO, 3-30 Clay LCF. Winter 1978 199
Caracaras, Falcons
American Kestrel
(Falco sparverius)
Early north 3-6 Otter Tail GO; 3-7 Crow Wing DK.
Merlin
(Falco columbarius)
3-21 Morrison PM; possible nesting pair Cook Co. R. Thompson.
GYRFALCON
(Falco rusticolus)
4-13 Lake (1 white phase) JCG.
Peregrine Falcon
(Falco peregrinus)
4-5, 6 & 7; 5-5, 8 Marshall SV; 4-22 Hennepin ES; 5-11 Morrison NH.
Prairie Falcon
(Falco mexicanus)
5-14 Clay (1) GO.
Flycatchers
Western Kingbird
(Tyrannus verticalis)
1 out of range report 5-27 St. Louis SG.
Eastern Wood-Pewee
(Contopus virens)
Early south 4-22 Rice OR; early north 5-6 Otter Tail GO.
Yellow-bellied Flycatcher
(Empidonax flaviventris)
Early north 5-17 Otter Tail GO.
Acadian Flycatcher
(Empidonax virescens)
Reported from Houston, Olmsted, Goodhue and Hennepin (5-27, ES).
Alder Flycatcher
(Empidonax alnorum)
Early north 5-9 Otter Tail GO. 
Eastern Phoebe
(Sayornis phoebe)
Early north 4-1, 4-5 Otter Tail SM, GO; 4-4 Aitkin JB.
Vireos
Bell's Vireo
(Vireo bellii)
5-6 Watonwan (1) RG; 5-28 Wabasha (3) KE, SM.
Blue-headed Vireo
(Vireo solitarius)
Early south 4-22 Martin EBK.
Shrikes
Loggerhead Shrike
(Lanius ludovicianus)
Early south 3-8 Hennepin VL; reports north 4-8 Marshall DW, Beltrami, Koochiching RBJ.
Jays, Nutcrackers, Magpies, Crows
Black-billed Magpie
(Pica hudsonia)
Reported from Clay and Roseau Co's.
Chickadees, Titmice
Tufted Titmouse
(Baeolophus bicolor)
Reported from Fillmore, Wright, Wabasha, Houston and Otter Tail (521, 22, GO).
Martins, Swallows
Tree Swallow
(Tachycineta bicolor)
Early south 3-21 Winona FL.
Gnatcatchers
Blue-gray Gnatcatcher
(Polioptila caerulea)
Early south 4-22 Olmsted JSD.
Wrens
BEWICK'S WREN
(Thryomanes bewickii)
5-15 to 5-30 Winona, Winona Co., W. Snyder et al.
Marsh Wren
(Cistothorus palustris)
Early north 4-30, 5-15 Otter Tail SM. GO.
Thrashers, Mockingbirds
Northern Mockingbird
(Mimus polyglottos)
4-14, 5-11 Hennepin (1), Ramsey (1) BC; 5-23 Washington (2) JD.
Thrushes
Eastern Bluebird
(Sialia sialis)
Early north 4-1 Otter Tail GO; 4-6 Crow Wing DK. Townsend's Somaire 3-11 Lake (1) BC.
Veery
(Catharus fuscescens)
Early south 4-24 Lyon HK.
Swainson's Thrush
(Catharus ustulatus)
Early south 4-11 Ramsey RH; 4-12 Washington DR; 4-15 Freeborn DG.
Wood Thrush
(Hylocichla mustelina)
Early south 4-13 Fillmore GE.
Pipits
American Pipit
(Anthus rubescens)
Early north 5-4 Grant GO.
SPRAGUE'S PIPIT
(Anthus spragueii)
5-14 Clay (3) GO; 5-28 Clay (1) Paul Greenfield.
Finches
Pine Grosbeak
(Pinicola enucleator)
Late south 4-16 Stearns NH. GRAY-CROWNED ROSY FINCH 3-11 St. Louis, Hoyt Lakes, J. A. Evers.
Common Redpoll
(Acanthis flammea)
Late south 5-15 Hennepin VL.
Red Crossbill
(Loxia curvirostra)
Reports south 3-3 LeSueur HC; 5-17 Hennepin VL. White-winged Cro.ssbill Reported from St. Louis, Hubbard Aitkin, Anoka and Hennepin.
Longspurs and Snow Buntings
Chestnut-collared Longspur
(Calcarius ornatus)
5-14 Clay (14); 5-16 Otter Tail GO; 5-21 Clay SM, SV.
Smith's Longspur
(Calcarius pictus)
4-1 Cottonwood (7) RBJ; 4-23 Lac qui Parle (2) KE, RBJ; 4-26 Wilkin (4) GO.
Towhees, Sparrows
Field Sparrow
(Spizella pusilla)
Early north 4-11 Otter Tail GO.
Fox Sparrow
(Passerella iliaca)
Late south 5-21 Washington DR; early north 3-31 Otter Tail GO.
Vesper Sparrow
(Pooecetes gramineus)
Early north 4-5 Otter Tail GO. Tree Sparrow Late south 5-16 Anoka KL.
LeConte's Sparrow
(Ammospiza leconteii)
4-25 Martin EBK; 5-5 Marshall SV.
Nelson's Sparrow
(Ammospiza nelsoni)
5-28 Marshall SV.
BAIRD'S SPARROW
(Centronyx bairdii)
5-14 Clay (2) GO.
Henslow's Sparrow
(Centronyx henslowii)
5-22, 29 Winona KE, FL, SM.
Eastern Towhee
(Pipilo erythrophthalmus)
Early south 3-21 Lac qui Parle GO; 4-9 Houston EF.
Yellow-breasted Chat
Yellow-breasted Chat
(Icteria virens)
5-13 Marshall (2) B. Bengston. Winter 1978
Blackbirds, Orioles
Yellow-headed Blackbird
(Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus)
Early south 3-19 Meeker BSH; also reported from St. Louis Co.
Western Meadowlark
(Sturnella neglecta)
Early north 3-18 Wilkin GO, Marshall SV.
Orchard Oriole
(Icterus spurius)
Very few reports.
Rusty Blackbird
(Euphagus carolinus)
Early north 3-25 Wilkin SM; 3-27 Otter Tail GO.
Common Grackle
(Quiscalus quiscula)
Early north 3-11 Otter Tail GO.
Warblers
Louisiana Waterthrush
(Parkesia motacilla)
5-19, 30 Houston RK, KE, SM; 5-28 Lake (1) FL.
Golden-winged Warbler
(Vermivora chrysoptera)
Early north 4-22 Morrison PM.
Blue-winged Warbler
(Vermivora cyanoptera)
1 report out of usual range 5-17 Hubbard GO.
Black-and-white Warbler
(Mniotilta varia)
Early north 4-27 Otter Tail GO.
Prothonotary Warbler
(Protonotaria citrea)
1 report out of usual range 5-29 Murray AD. 
Nashville Warbler
(Leiothlypis ruficapilla)
Early north 4-29 Clay LCF.
KENTUCKY WARBLER
(Geothlypis formosa)
5-18, 19, Hennepin (pair) TS. DB, RBJ, KE.
Cerulean Warbler
(Setophaga cerulea)
1 report out of usual range 5-20 Otter Tail GO, GW.
Bay-breasted Warbler
(Setophaga castanea)
Early south 4-30 Hennepin BE; early north 5-12 Otter Tail SM.
Yellow Warbler
(Setophaga petechia)
Early north 5-4 Otter Tail SM Black-throa,ted Blue Warbler 5-26 St. Louis (2) KE, SM, BB; 5-27 St. Louis SG, P. Greenfield, FL.
Blackpoll Warbler
(Setophaga striata)
Early south 4-30 Ramsey BSH; early north 4-30 Clay LCF.
Palm Warbler
(Setophaga palmarum)
Early north 4-28 Marshall SV.
Pine Warbler
(Setophaga pinus)
Early north 4-17 Morrison PM.
Black-throated Green Warbler
(Setophaga virens)
Early north 4-28 Otter Tail GO.
Tanagers, Cardinals, Grosbeaks
Summer Tanager
(Piranga rubra)
4-27 Lyon (1) HK.
Western Tanager
(Piranga ludoviciana)
5-12, 13, 14 St. Louis (1) Molly Kohlbry m.ob.; 5-13 Martin (1) EBK; 5-7 Mower (1), Michael Beatrice.
Blue Grosbeak
(Passerina caerulea)
5-15 Murray (2); 5-27 Pipestone (1) AD.
Dickcissel
(Spiza americana)
Very few reports.